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Methods applied

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Preparation

• Classical solid-state syntheses
• Single crystal growth (flux method, floating zone melting, Czochralski method)
• "Soft chemistry" syntheses (spray pyrolysis, spray drying, thermal degradation of amorphous precursors, co-precipitation in inverse microemulsions, hydrothermal syntheses, polyol syntheses, spin-coating (rotational coating), squeegee (linear coating)

Characterization

• X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) including Rietveld structure refinement
• Single crystal X-ray stucture analysis
• Neutron powder diffraction
• Neutron single crystal diffraction
• X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy)
• Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
• Scanning electron microscopy (REM)
• Energy and wavelength dispersive  X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, WDX)
• Gas physisorption
• Thermal analysis (TA) (Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential thermoanalysis (DTA)
• Mass spectroscopy (MS)
• UV/Vis spectroscopy
• Infrared spectroscopy (IR)
• Transport phenomena (electrical conductivity, impedance spectroscopy)
• Magnetism (temperature- and field-dependent)
• Heat capacity
• Thermal transport properties (heat conductivity, Seebeck coefficient)

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